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(>&340..23  0` ..` (+&3323  0..F&32Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 0 .. 0..0h..h0..0..23  0p..pF&31Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 0 .. 0..0h..h0..23  0..F&30Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 0 .. 0..0h..h23  0..Fw&29Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 0 .. 0..23  0h..hFd&28Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 0 .. 23  0..FQ&27Triangle Bullet0..0` ..` 23  0 .. F>&26Triangle Bullet0..23  0` ..` F+&25Triangle Bullet23  0.. (   _QXQX  EnvironmentalDocumentationManual#QXuXQ7#('2$ T!   (((3)$ T!       0  ('2$ T!      ($    ,cAZ"Arial RegularIJKLMNOP G_cgkosw{Bullet ListBullet ListABCDEFGH CEIMQUY]aAutoList69:;<=>?@ IKQW]cksyLarge BulletI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)12345678 ?AGMSYaioBulletsI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a))*+,-./0 CEKQW]emsAutoList5I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)!"#$%&'( CEKQW]emsAutoList1I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) CEKQW]emsAutoList2I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) CEKQW]emsAutoList3I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)  CEKQW]emsAutoList4I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) Iiou{Triangle BulTriangle BulletI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x( T$   dHHP DeskJet 820C Series PrinterHPFDJC04,(,,,,,(0 # e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) U     DAP PAA PVO PVOsUSAID CFR BHR BEOTimelinestimeline TII FFP IEE MEO CEs IEEs REO CSs BEOs II.CBellmon NGOs DAPs PAAsscoping EAs SOWs IQC EPIQ P.L. EDM EDGFacesheetsubmittalmultisectoral ies NGOexcludable PEAs EISagroforestryCODEL EWG PRA IAIAwebsitewebsitesi 4 T!   _  17  QXQX0  ManyofthequestionsweregeneratedduringseveralroundsofmeetingsandemailexchangeswithTitleII  PVOsduring1997and1998amongUSAIDstaff,theCSEnvironmentalWorkingGroupsofFAMandUSAID/Ethiopia,theAfricaBureauEnvironmentalCapacityBuildingworkshopforTitleIIPVOsinEthiopia(February1997),andothermeetingswiththeEthiopianenvironmentalworkinggroup.QXuXQ-^AZ"Arial Regular VDDDUs,&'   5-       ,rAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular-&,rAZ"Arial Regular '   _Q&&XQX@FrequentlyAskedQuestions,rAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular,@0AZ"Arial Regular '   _  QXQXFrequentlyAskedQuestions#QXuXQC#Q&&XQXu#QXuX&Q&# ` )$      18    _QXQX0 ` Source:DavidNelson,BHR/FFP/DP,Dec.19,1997emailtoPauldes_Rosiers_,G/_ENV_ԀandBHR  BEO.#QXuXQ`# T!   _  7QQdd7QXQX  QSection5  ` FrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutDAP/PAAEnvironmentalCompliance#Q#  p    QJQ  H   Ѐ  <   QU QJ  rPPrP|Cq  QU50  FREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONSABOUTDAP/PAA < ENVIRONMENTALCOMPLIANCE#QU  Cq# QJ QU P(#(# Q&&QJ  ThefollowingquestionsaresynthesizedfromTitleIIPVOreactionstotheearlierdraftsoftheEnvironmentalDocumentationManual,originallycalledtheEnvironmentalInformationPackage.   17      ׀Thesequestionsarose   repeatedlywhenPVOsandotherfoodaidprofessionalsbegantheprocessofunderstandingandrespondingtoUSAIDsEnvironmentalProcedures.Toassistincrossreferencing,thequestionsareorganizedthematically.Thequestionsthemselves,paraphrasedandcombined,areinboldfacetype.  QXuX&Q&XXXQXu5.10  UnderstandingtheRationaleforTitleIIEnvironmentalCompliance#QXuXXX#Q&&XQXu `L (#(#     5.1.10 ` WhyisDAP/PAAcompliancewithUSAIDenvironmentalregulationsbeingrequired   now,whentheAgencydidnotrequireitinthepast? u ` (#` (# Thereareseveralreasons.Whilehistoricallyinternationaldisasterassistancehasbeenandcontinuestobeexemptfromtheregulations,TitleIIactivitiesarenotandwerenotexempt,unless notwithstandingauthoritywasgranted.Inaddition,USAIDisplacinggreateremphasisonpromotinglongtermsustainabledevelopment.Experiencehasalsoproventhattakingenvironmentalfactorsintoaccountmakesgooddevelopmentsense.Foodaidmustbeusedtoenhancefoodsecurity(frequentlythroughagriculturalproduction)andwhereenvironmentaldegradationoccurs,agriculturalproductivityandfoodsecurityareoftenjeopardized.    5.1.2 ` WhatisRegulation216?   L Regulation216isthecommonlyusedshorthandtermfortheAgencysEnvironmentalProcedures,whicharecodifiedintheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)as22CFRPart216(alsoreferredtoinformallyasReg.216orReg.16).    5.1.30 ` Whathappensifanactivityisundertakenwithoutadequateenvironmentalanalysis? S \` (#` (# USAIDandthoseinvolvedinthecertificationprocessareopentopotentiallawsuits,andthegoodnameofallthoseinvolvedisjeopardized.Mostimportant,withoutenvironmentalreviewandunderlyingenvironmentallysounddesign,anactivitymaynotyieldtheresultssoughtandmaynotbesustainable.Furthermore,TitleIIfundscannotbeobligatedunlessactivitiesreceivepriorReg.216concurrencefromtheBHRBEO.  "l!   QXuX&Q&XXXQXu5.20  ResponsibilitiesandTimelines#QXuXXX# Q&&XQXu (#(#     5.2.1 ` WhatisthetimelineforEnvironmentalComplianceofTitleIIpartners?   Sincethismaychangefromyeartoyear,youshouldcheckthemostrecentannualP.L.480TitleIIGuidelines  T forFiscalProgramProposals.However,submissionsforreviewinthefieldbyromthefieldtotheUSAIDMissionor h , RepresentativearenormallysuggestedformidFebruaryandtoBHR/FFPbymyearlymidMarch.C IJKLMNOP #C I   IH23  0    Environmentaldocumentationshouldbeginassoonaspossible,andbecompletedexpeditiously.IHs݌  (#(# Ќ   I   I[23  0    AllDAPorDAPAmendmentsubmissionsshouldincludeanIEEorCategoricalrequestclearedbythe d  MissionDirectororhis/herdesignee(typicallyanMEO),unlessanIEEorCategoricalExclusionfortherespectiveprojecthasalreadybeenapprovedbyUSAID.I[݌ (#(# Ќ   I   I23  0    AllPAAsubmissionsshouldbeaccompaniedbyanEnvironmentalStatusReportasoutlinedinSection   3.2oftheEDM.IH݌ (#(# Ќ   I   IQ23  0    FFPwillcontinuetocollaboratewithTitleIIdevelopmentpartnersandUSAIDgeographicBureausto L offertraininginenvironmentalanalysisforCSfieldstaff.IQ|݌ (#(# Ќ    0  5.2.2 ` Whodoeswhat? (#(#  PVOs: CooperatingSponsorfieldstaffwillprepareanenvironmentalanalysisoftheiractivities,whichwillform  thebasisoftheappropriateUSAIDenvironmentaldocumentation.InadditiontotheEDM,PVOstaffcandrawonoutsideexpertise(MEO,REO,localandU.S.consultantsasneeded).TheenvironmentaldocumentationisincorporatedbythePVOintheDAPdesignprocess.CSsshouldseekMissionreviewandclearanceonDAPEnvironmentalDocumentationpriortoofficialsubmissionoftheDAPtoFFP/Washington.ThesameistrueforPAAEnvironmentalStatusReportsandIEE/CategoricalExclusionAmendmentsforPAAsorDAPAmendments.Environmentaldocumentation,markeddraft,maybesubmittedinformallythroughtheMissiontotheBureauEnvironmentalOfficer.IfenvironmentaldocumentationissubmittedwiththeDAP,amendedDAPorPAAwithouthavingbeenclearedbytheMission,theCSshouldinsurethatitisclearlylabeledas  DRAFTNotYetClearedbyMission and dated (besure 4"! yourcomputerizeddatemodeisnotsetonautomaticupdate,sothatyouareabletotrackpossiblefuturerevisions).AlldraftReg216documentationmustbereturnedtotheMissionforrequiredclearanceandtheMissionmayrequestrevisionstoensurethatMissionobjectives,considerationoflocalconditionsandconsistencywithenvironmentaldocumentationofotherSponsorsinthesamecountryisachieved.PVOsfirstsubmitenvironmentaldocumentationtotheUSAIDMissionEnvironmentalOfficer,inconsultationwiththeMissionsFFPCountryBackstopOfficer(ifany).TheMEOobtainsMissionclearance,andthePVOsubmitstotheOfficeofFFPthroughtheFFPofficerforclearancebytheDirector,preferablyviatheFFPCountryBackstopOfficer. USAIDMissions: TheMEOassessesinformation,recommendshowanactivityistobeclassified,andworks *l$+ withtheTitleIIpartnerandtheFoodforPeaceOfficertofinalizedocumentation.Thus,itsimportantforthePVOtodiscusspreparationwiththeMissionbeforeassemblingthedocumentation.Itiscommonpracticefor \, &- r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    r    theMEOtoclearonthedocumentationandfortheMissionDirectortoapproveit.TheMissionDirectororhis/herdesigneemustcleartheIEEorCategoricalExclusionrequestpriortofinalEnvironmentalDocumentationandDAPapprovalbyUSAID/Washington.OncetheMissionhasclearedtheIEE/CategoricalExclusion,asignedcopyshouldbesenttoBHR/FFP(aspartoftheDAPsubmission).r     InaMission'sPAAcommentsand/orapprovalcabletoBHR/FFP,theMissionshouldstatewhetheritconcurswiththeEnvironmentalStatusReport. USAID/W: TheIEEmustbeclearedbytheDirectorofFFPasarequestforBHRBEOconcurrence.   ConcurrencebytheUSAIDBHRBEOconstitutesthelaststepintheapprovalprocess.GeographicBureauclearancesarenotrequired,thoughCSsarefreetosendgeographicbureauenvironmentalofficersinformationalcopiesofenvironmentaldocumentation,andtoseektheguidanceandexpertiseoftheseindividualsduringtheIEEpreparationandprojectdesignprocess.TheBHRBEOwillalsoprovideinformationalcopiesofIEEstotherelevantgeographicBEOsandseektheirinput,asappropriate.However,sincethe IEE/CategoricalExclusion 8  orIEEAmendmentmustfirstbeclearedbytheMissionDirectororhis/herdesigneepriortofinalEnvironmentalDocumentationandDAPapprovalbyUSAID/Washington alldraftscirculatedforcomment   and/orinformationtoBEOsortheREOshouldbeclearlymarkedassuch.FollowingreviewoftheIEEbytheMissionandUSAID/W,theCSmaybeaskedtomodifycurrentactivitydesignsorbudgets.AnEA(amorecomprehensiveanalysisthananIEE)mayberequirediftheIEErecommendsaPositiveDetermination,i.e.,whensignificant(adverse)environmentalconsequenceshavebeenidentifiedintheIEEandactivityapprovalprocess.ItisagoodideatogivetheBHRBEOa headsup,andtokeepboththeBHRBEOandgeographicBEOintheloop,toavoidsurprisesandhelpanswerspecificquestions.0  5.2.30` (#(#InthecaseofDAPsandsomePAAs,IEEsmaybewrittenforsetsofactivitiesthatare L modifiedoreveneliminatedfromtheDAPorPAA(ifmajorchangesarebeingmade)duringtheFFPreview.WhathappensiftheIEEweretobeapprovedpriortoapprovaloftheDAPorPAA,therebymakingitinconsistentwiththeproposal? ` (#` (# TheCSmusttakeresponsibilityformakingthenecessaryenvironmentaldocumentationrevisionsandseekingnecessaryapprovalsandconcurrences.ReviewagainSection3.3oftheEDMonrolesandresponsibilities.IfanIEEhasbeensubmittedandapprovedbytheMEOandtheBHRBEO,buttherearechangestotheDAPorPAA,theCSpointpersonfortheDAP/PAAproposalshouldinformtheCSsstaffresponsibleforReg.216documentationpreparationinthefield(andtheBHRBEOandMEO)thatarevisedIEEmustbepreparedtoaccordwiththefinalDAPorPAA.IftheDAP/PAAgetsrevisedinWashington,thentheCSmustworkoutamechanismwherebytheBHRBEOisinformedandsendstheIEEbacktotheMissionforreworkingwiththerevisionsoftheDAPorPAA.Inanycase,anoteregardingtherevisionsneededandmadeshouldaccompanyanyresubmissionandthedateandsequenceofthesubmissionsshouldbeclearlynotedfortheMEOsandBEOsinformation.  (!( P    ̀     0  5.2.40` (#(#IstheDAPapprovedbeforetheenvironmentaldocumentationisapproved,oronlyafter  theapprovalofenvironmentaldocumentation(thiswouldlikelybeanIEEorCategoricalExclusion)?Isobligationoffundsdependentonapprovedenvironmentaldocumentation?P    CouldaDAPbeapproved,butfundsnotbeobligateduntilafterenvironmentalP    P    documentationisapproved? ` (#` (#  ^3Inprinciple,fullyapprovedenvironmentaldocumentationistobesubmittedwiththeDAP,DAPAmendmentorPAA,because futureobligationscannotbemadeuntilthedocumentationisapproved andapprovalof    theDAPorPAAwillnotbepossibleunlessthereissuitableenvironmentaldocumentation.  t  P      0  5.2.50` (#(#WhatifIdoanIEEandsubmititwithmyDAP,buttheIEErecommendsapositive `$  determinationindicatingthatIwillneedtodoanEA?CanIusethemoniesthatImightgetviathatDAPtoexpendontheEAprocesssothatIwouldbeincompliance? R7 ` (#` (# PVOsmustdeferactivitiesaffectedbytheEA,butwouldbeabletoimplementotherapprovedactivities.PVOscouldrequestaCategoricalExclusiontoconductthestudyitself,per22CFR216.2(c)(iii).IfanEAisneeded,PVOsshouldbudgetforit,byrequesting202(e)funds.ItisrecommendedthatprovisionforIEErelatedenvironmentalreviewbemadeasalineiteminthemonetizationcomponentsbudgetassubmittedwiththeDAPproposal.Inexpostfactocases,budgetingwouldrequireabudgetamendmentproposingashiftoffundsfromoneormorelineitemstoanIEE/EAlineitem.Anexplanationofhowtheshiftwasmade,withoutcompromisingthescheduleofactivitiesthebudgetwasoriginallydesignedtosupport,shouldaccompanytheamendmentrequest   18      ׀(seealsoSection5.6.1). l   0  5.2.60` (#(#DoesenvironmentaldocumentationhavetoberedoneeachtimeaPAAissubmitted? Q<X` (#` (# AlthoughPAAsubmissionsneednotincludethepreviouslyapprovedenvironmentaldocumentation(e.g.,anIEE),ifthedocumentationhasalreadybeenapprovedbyUSAIDforthesubjectTIIactivitiesandtheseactivitieshavenotchanged,nevertheless,thePAAmustbeaccompaniedbyanEnvironmentalStatusReport.In210pages,theReportwilldiscussthestatusofthemitigationplansandenvironmentalmonitoring.TheinstructionsforpreparingtheEnvironmentalStatusReportwillyoudetermineifthepreviouslyapprovedenvironmentaldocumentationneedstobeamendedbecauseofchangesintheactivitiesmitigationplansormonitoring.TheformatandinstructionsarefoundinSection3.2. Note: IfaCSssubmissioncontainschangesthatrequireaDAPAmendment,itwillalsoincludeamendedReg. ## 216environmentaldocumentation.  $h$ P    0  5.2.7 0` (#(# WhatkindofdocumentationisneededforaTransitionActivityProgram(TAP)?` (#` (#  P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    ItisrecommendedthatCSsgoaheadandbeginpreparingReg.216likeenvironmentaldocumentation,inanticipationoftheTAPbecomingaDAP.PleasecheckwithyourFFPofficer,MEO,REO,BEOorotherP    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    P    appropriateresourcepersonsforspecificguidance,asthisisanevolvingissue.andP    P    P    P    otheP      0  5.2.80` (#(#WhydoesenvironmentaldocumentationrequireUSAID/Washingtonconcurrenceand   clearancesifUSAIDistryingtoempowerPVOsandUSAID/Missionstomakedecisionsforthemselves,andincreasetheirresponsibilityforcompliancewithReg.216? }Gp ` (#` (# P    Bystatute,USAIDcannotfullydelegateauthorityforenvironmentaldecisionmakingfromtheBEOtothefieldundertheconcurrenceprocessmandatedbyReg.216.TheregulationscannotbechangedinternallybyUSAID,sincetheyareestablishedFederalRegulationsthatcanonlybechangedbyaprocessthatinvolvesformalnotifications,publicreview,publiccommentandpublicationofnewdraftandfinalregulationsintheP     FederalRegister.Nevertheless,theapprovalandconcurrenceprocessshouldnotcausedelayinmostcases.TheBEOstypicallyhavequickturnaroundtimesfordecisions.TheregulationsstipulatethatathresholddecisionaboutthesignificanceofenvironmentalimpactsandtheappropriatelevelofdocumentationmusthavetheconcurrenceoftheBEOinUSAID/Washington.TheBEOwilleitherconcurorrequestreconsiderationbytheofficerwhomadethethresholddecision.DifferencesofopinionbetweentheseofficersaresubmittedforresolutionfirsttotheAgencysEnvironmentalCoordinatorforresolution,or(inrarecircumstances)arepassedontotheAssistantAdministrator(216.3[a][2]).&  BEOconcurrenceprovidesacheckagainstinadvertenterror,aswellthepossibilitythatanimplementingofficemightdownplayenvironmentalissuestoexpediteanactivity.Furthermore,manyMissionsdonothavest'TMafffullyconversantwiththeregulationsandarenotabletoprovidethelevelofknowledgerequired.ItistheBEOsjobtoworryabouttheregulationandtheenvironment.  QXuX&Q&XXXQXu5.30  DAPandPAAEnvironmentalComplianceDocumentation#QXuXXXO#Q&&XQXu yOP(#(#   0  5.3.10` (#(#IftheDAPorPAAcontainsseveralactivities,doIsubmitseparateenvironmental X!  documentationforeachactivity? {P0"!` (#` (# Typically,no.Youcancoverseveralactivitiesinonedocument.TheEDGandadditionalguidanceinthismanualoncompliance(seeSections3and4)explainshowtodothis.IftheDAPconsistsofasuiteofdifferentactivities,suchasagriculturalcredit,irrigation,and/orroadbuilding,itmaymakesensetoorganizeSections1.0through4.0oftheIEEunderthetopicalactivityclusterheadingssothatthesetsofactivitiesareanalyzedseparatelybysector(thematicarea).Thus,thesectionswouldberepeatedforeachsetofactivities,andIEESection5.0andtheFacesheetsummarywouldbecomethesynopsisofalltheparts.SeealsotheresponsetoQuestion5.4.2.  (") P      0  5.3.20` (#(#WhatdoesthePVOdoiftheactivitiesarenotknownorfleshedoutinanydetailatthe  timeoftheDAPsubmittal? ]T ` (#` (#  P    Consideradeferralorpreparingan umbrellaIEE.AnnexFprovidesinformationaboutpreparingenvironmentaldocumentationthatcanbesubmittedwiththeDAPwhenactivitieshavenotyetbeendesignedinfull.AnnexFalsoprovidesguidanceonhowtodosubsequentscreeningandenvironmentalreviewsoftheseactivitiesastheyaredesigned,withoutrequiringthateachsubmissionreceiveUSAID/Washingtonapproval.    P      0  5.3.3 ` Ifdeferralsarenotencouraged,whyaretheyprovidedasanoption? Wp (#(# P    Deferralsmerelypostponetheinevitable,buttheydobuytimeandtheydoallowyoutoseparateoutthoseactivitiesthatcanproceedfromthosethatcannot.DeferralsmaybeunavoidableincertainsituationswheresomeDAPelementsneedfurtherdefinition(e.g.,specificlocation,nature,andtime),beforetheycanbereviewedenvironmentally.Decisionsonimplementingthoseelementsarealsodeferred,and nocommitmentofresources   shouldbemade. MultipleactivityDAPstypicallyhaveacombinationofmultipledeterminations,ofwhichthe   deferralneedstobeanavailableoption. Insituationswhereadeferralmightbeappropriate,aNegative ` DeterminationwithConditionsinvolvingscreeningandreviewprocessesisanalternateoption (again,see x< AnnexF).  QXuX&Q&& , XXXQXu5.40  EnvironmentalAnalysis#QXuXXX[# Q&&XQXu [(#(#   0  5.4.10` (#(#IstherearecommendedwaytoorganizeDAPactivitiesforthepurposeofenvironmental  decisionmaking? \l` (#` (# DrawingonthesetsorsuitesofactivitiesandinterventionsinthePVOsDAPs,andpreferablyparallelt',[otheformatofyourperformancemonitoringplanandstrategicframework,youcouldidentifythenatureandscaleoftheactivities,geographicdistribution,andrelativeproportionofresourcesdevotedtotheactivities.Environmentaldecisionsareultimatelysite-specificandactivityspecific,sohavingasenseoflocationsandactivitycharacteristicswillallowtheoverallpotentialforenvironmentalimpactstobeevaluatedaswellasthedocumentpreparationeffort.Youmayorganizethisinformationinatable(seeSection2,Table2.2).Notethatthispreparatoryexerciseprovidesanoverview,soonlyballparkfiguresareneededtoarriveatareasonablyaccurateorderofmagnitude.Withthisinformationinhand,usetheEDG.Theformatpresentedisintendedasaguideonly,andnotmeanttobetheonlywaytopresentthisinformation.Modifyyoursifnecessaryaslongastheessentialheadingsandtheirintentareaddressed.Subsequentstepsinpreparingthedocumentationmayrequireothertablesandreportformatsappropriatetothenatureandlocationoftheactivities.0  5.4.20` (#(#IfaDAP/PAAconsistsofalargenumberofdifferentactivities,isthereawayto%  organize ((!( theIEEtominimizerepetitionandmakeiteasiertobothprepareandreview? ` (#` (#  ̀ForlargemultisectoralprogramsitmightbeeasiertoretaintheEnvironmentalComplianceFacesheetandSummaryasis,butasameansoftryingtosimplifythedocumentationprocess,itissuggestedthattheCSconsiderpreparingaseriesofdocumentsthatfollowtheIEEformatbutwitheachsectorstandingalone,e.g., `,$&- roads,agriculture,health,soilconservation,etc.Itisthereforerecommendedthatthewriteupforthefirstsectorcontainrelevantbackgroundtothesectorandprogram(withoutdescribingthewholeprogram).IfthereareportionsofIEESection1BackgroundandActivityDescriptionthatareapplicabletoothersectors,theydonot  needtoberepeatedinthenextsectorsdocumentation,butcanbecrossreferenced.ThisalsomaybepossibleforIEESection2CountryandEnvironmentalInformationwithsimilarcrossreferencing.GotoEDMSections  ` 4.2and4.3foramoredetaileddiscussionofthisissue.  0  5.4.30` (#(#HowdoIdeterminewhetherenvironmentaldocumentationmustbedoneforeach $  separateactivityproposedorifprogrammaticdocumentationwouldbeamorelogicalapproach? bg  ` (#` (# EnvironmentalanalysisisneededpriortoandasinputtoanyIEE,EA,orPEA.Theapproachtotheconductofenvironmentalanalysesdependsonwhethertheproposedactivitiesaregenericorsitespecific.Highlysitespecificactivities,suchasanirrigationintervention,requireanalysisspecifictothesitewithina classicIEEoraspartofapostIEEenvironmentalreviewconductedunderan umbrellaIEE(seeQuestion5.3.2).Ifthescaleoftheactivityis significant(apositivedetermination),itnormallyrequiresanEA.Agroupofsimilar significantactivitiesinaregioncanalsobetreatedwithintheframeworkofaPEA.Moregenericactivities,suchassoilerosionandterracinginseverallocationswithinaparticulararea,maybeanalyzedasagroupwithina classicIEEor,ifanumbrellaIEEhasbeenprepared,similarlygroupedandanalyzedaspartofapostIEEenvironmentalreview.Asintheexampleofhighlysitespecificactivity(ies),activitiesconsidered significantwouldnormallyrequireanEAoraPEA.     0  l  5.4.40` (#(#HowdoIdeterminewhetherthescaleormagnitudeofmyactivitiesmayresultin  significanteffects?Reg.216isunclearastowhatscaleormagnitudeofaproposedactionofgroupofactionsisconsideredsignificantandthereforewouldtriggeranEA.Forexample,ininterpretingReg.216compliancerequirements,certainessentialspecificationsastowhatconstitutesa largevs microdam, majorirrigationproject,etc.,arenotgiven.Withoutthisinformation,howcanPVOs/NGOsmakedeterminationsontheiractivities?Moredetailedspecificationsseemtobeneeded.  m` (#` (# TheverypurposeofanIEEistoprovideinitialrecommendationsregardingathresholddecision,basedonenvironmentalanalysis.Also,rememberthatcomingtoconclusionsaboutwhatconstitutes significantscaleormagnitudeforactivitiesisoftenamatterofjudgmentamongprofessionals.Scaleandmagnitudedecisionsofteninvolvereasonedsubjectivedecisionsratherthanobjectivescience,dependingontheenvironmentalcontext,e.g.,thesameinterventionnearaprotectedareamaybe significantbut notsignificantinanotherlocation.Therefore,itisoftenusefulinmakingsuchdecisionstoformandinvolveateamwithvariedenvironmentalexpertiseinthesedecisions.Insomecases,aUSAIDMissionmaytakeresponsibilityforacquiringspecificationsanddataalreadydeveloped(forexample,bythehostgovernment)andforidentifyingparametersneededtoassistPVOs/NGOsinmakingtheirdeterminations.Althoughthesekindsofspecificsmaynotcurrentlybeavailable,theNGO/PVOcanstillproceedwithanenvironmentalanalysis,beginthedocumentationprocess,andidentifymitigationandmonitoringmeasurestobetakentoensurethattheactivityisoptimallysustainableandwillnotcauseunintendedharmtotheenvironment.  \+ %, r     Inaddition,theenvironmentalanalysisservesasaninformalprocessforidentifyingmitigationmeasureslinked toactivityimplementation.Thisprocesswillgiveyouasenseofthescaleandmagnitudeofpotentialimpacts.Begintheenvironmentalanalysisbysimplylistingallactivitycategories,andfocusthecollectionofinformationonthoseactivitiesthatyouconsidertobenotcategoricallyexcludable.ThatinformationwillbeessentialfortheIEE. Ifyoubelieveyouractivitieswillhavenosignificant(adverse)effects,providetherationaleinyourIEE.  ` RememberthattheumbrellaIEEprocess(whichprovidesforaNegativeDeterminationwithconditions)maybeusedifyouhavealargesetofmultipleactivitiesandmostofyouractivitiesaresmallscaleandnotyetdefinedr     inmuchdetail.Inthecourseofrefiningotherenvironmentalreviewtoolsforcountryspecificsituations,includingcountryspecificIEEandpostIEEEnvironmentalScreeningFormsunderan umbrellaIEEprocess,youshouldexpecttodevelopadditionalspecificationsforwhatlocallyareconsideredtoconstitute significantscaleandmagnitude.  QXuX&Q&XXXQXu5.50  QuestionsRegardingPreparationofEnvironmentalAssessments(EAs)or 8  ProgrammaticEnvironmentalAssessments(PEAs)#QXuXXX$z# y, (#(# #Q&&XQXuz#0   (#(#   5.5.10 ` HowmuchtimeandeffortdoesaPEAorEAtaketocarryout?  ` (#` (# AgoodqualityEAorPEAprocess,fromthescopingsessionsanddevelopmentofthescopeofwork,todatacollection,analysis,preparation,internalreview,andexternalreview,typicallytakesnolessthanayear.However,withaggressiveworkersandcommittedreviewers,sixcalendarmonthsisfeasible.ThislengthoftimeislittledifferentforanEISunderU.S.procedures,althoughcomplexprojectstakeconsiderablyr      longer.ForagoodqualityEAorPEA,experiencedemonstratesthatapproximatelysixtoeightpersonmonthsofeffortistypical,withaminimumofthreepersonmonths,notcountingtheeffortsofMissionEnvironmentalOfficersorProject/ResultsPackageManagers.Ifdocumenttranslationisrequiredtoachievehostcountryparticipation,moreeffortisneeded.Nevertheless,despitethetimecommitmentsthismayrequire,theintentofanEAorPEAisnottoletthisdetailedassessmentprocessdiscourageyoufromcarryingoutimportantdevelopmentinitiatives.Rather,theEAorPEAshouldbeviewedasakeyelementofsounddesign.  5.5.20 ` Whatis scopingexactly? ` (#` (# UnderReg.216,Section216.3(a)(4),scopingasappliedtoanEAtypicallyinvolvesaconsultativeprocessthatcharacterizesthe scopeandsignificanceofissuestobeanalyzedandeliminatesfromfurtherdiscussionissuesthatwillnothaveasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Scopinginvolvesgatheringinformationfromavarietyofpublicandprivatesources,locallyandnationally.Italsoprovidesamechanismforpublicandtechnicalconcernstobeevaluatedandpresentedtoassistdecisionmakingandprioritysetting.Itinformsandinvolvespeoplepotentiallyaffected,takesintoaccountlocalvalues,considersreasonableapproachesandpracticalalternatives,determinestheproceduresforconsultationandanalysis,andestablishesthetermsofreference.UnderReg.216,thescopingstatement"actuallyasummaryoftheresultsofthescopingsession(s)"providesadescriptionof: (1)thetimingofthepreparationoftheenvironmentalanalyses,includingphasingif `'$!' appropriate,(2)variationsrequiredintheformatoftheEnvironmentalAssessment,and(3)thetentativeplanninganddecisionmakingschedule....Italsoprovidesa descriptionofhowtheanalysiswillbe )") conductedandthedisciplinesthatwillparticipateintheanalysis.Notethat thescopingdocumentrequires )#* BEOapprovalinWashington,perReg.216.6(e).   *$+   5.5.30 ` Whodoesthescopingdocument? ` (#` (# IfanEAisrequired,firstconsultwithyourMissionEnvironmentalOfficer(MEO),yourRegionalEnvironmentalOfficer(REO),ifoneexists,and/oryourBureauEnvironmentalOfficer(BEO).RememberthatEAsareusuallynotnecessaryforPVOsmallscaledevelopmentactivities.TheBHRBEOwillconfirmwhetheranEAisneededandshouldbeabletoprovideyouwithsamplescopesofwork(SOWs)andassessments.Differentcombinationsofactorsareresponsibleforthescopingdocument,dependingonthesituation.Ideally,theEAprocessiscastasadevelopmenttoolandlearningopportunityforallpartners.Inanycase,scopingprecedestheEnvironmentalAssessment.Thepartycarryingouttheprogramofactivitiesbeingassessed,inthiscasethePVO,isusuallyresponsiblefortheEA,butUSAIDcanprovideinitialadviceandtheBEOmustalsoapprovetheEA.InthecaseofaProgrammaticEnvironmentalAssessment,itmaymakesenseforacombinationofUSAID,PVO,andhostcountryrepresentativestobeinvolved.  QXuX&Q&XXXQXu5.6  DesigningandManagingMoreEnvironmentallySoundActivities &M&XX     #Q&&&&M8#    5.6.10 ` Whataresomeoptionsforprovidingresourcestosupportproperenvironmental t analysis,assessment,andtheassociatedmeasuresthatwilllikelyresult?ShouldPVOsbeworkingonamending202(e)grantsormonetizationfundstoaccountforthecostoftheseassessments? 8` (#` (# Theanswerdependsonthespecificsituationandananalysisoftheneedsandapplicableoptions.Itisperfectlynormal,understandableandacceptablethatoutsideassistancemaybeneededinsomesituations.USAIDanditsPVOpartnersdoneedtoensurethatparticipationbyPVOs,NGOs,affectedcommunities,andinterestedpartiesisincorporated.Themainoptionsincludeatleastacombinationofoneormoreofthefollowing,dependingoneachsituation:C ABCDEFGH IJKLMNOPC A   A23  0    PVOsincludeappropriatebudgetarysupportintheir202(e)grantrequests,amendmentrequeststo  202(e)  budgets,ormonetizationbudgetaryoutlays.AЏ݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A623  0    USAIDMissionssupportsuitableassessmentsoranalysisandtechnicalassistancefromMission  D operatingbudgets.A6a݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Ag23  0    BHR/FFPsupports[viatheUSAIDGlobalBureausEnvironmentalPolicyandInstitutional 0"! StrengtheningIQC(EPIQ)orothermodality]mutuallyagreedupontechnicalassistance.Ag݌ (#(# Ќ   A   Aؓ23  0    FAMmayfacilitatecertaintypesofsupportandbackstopping. A   A23  0    GroupsofPVOscombineresourcesinajointcontractingaction,ora leadPVOmaybemutually ## selectedandreceivespecialsupporttoserveasaresourceforotherPVOsandNGOs.A݌ (#(# Ќ   A   A 23  0    USAIDgeographicbureausmayprovidesomeresources,expertise,orsupportmechanisms.A 8݌%T%(#(# Ќ    0  5.6.20` (#(#HowcanPVOsbestenhanceenvironmentallysoundactivities? E@'!'` (#` (# InadditiontoapplyingReg.216tofoodassistancedevelopmentprogramming,CSs,FAMandUSAIDarefocusingonhowtoincorporateenvironmentaldesignandmanagementprinciplesintothewaywedobusiness.SeveralCSs,inexploringhowbesttoapplyReg.216withintheirorganizations,havemadesignificantnewstaffingandinstitutionalcommitments. P,&- AtthesametimemanyCSsarecooperatingtobuildcapacityintheTitleIIPVO/NGOcommunityinenvironmentallysounddesignandmanagementforspecificthematicareas.Forexample,regionalandcountryspecificworkshopsandresourcematerialsarebeingpreparedcollaborativelyonpesticides,feederroadconstructionandmaintenance,smallscaleirrigationandwatermanagement,potablewaterandsanitation,health,soilconservation,agroforestry,etc.ThisisanewandencouragingeffortamongPVOs,FAMandUSAIDtoshareresourcesandexpertiseforcommonresults.BHR/FFPandFAMwillcontinuetoprovidelimitedsupportfortrainingforTitleIIPVOs/NGOsintheapplicationofReg.216totheiractivities.However,increasingreliancewillbeplacedonthePVOcommunitytoenhancethecapacityoftheirownorganizations,NGOs,communitygroups,farmersandothersinenvironmentalassessmentandenvironmentallysounddesignandmanagement.Ofcourse,usefulinformationandhumanresourcesareavailablewithinhostcountryuniversities,amonghostgovernmentenvironmental/naturalresourceplanningandmanagementunits,andthroughincountryprivateconsultants.PVOorganizationswithinaspecificcountryorregionsshouldconsiderhowtheymightcollaborateinseekingoutlocalenvironmentalexpertisetosupporttheiractivities.ItalsomaybepossibletocapitalizeonavailabletrainingcoursesintechnicallyspecificareasofvaluetoNGOs/PVOsandothers.ThesummaryinformationandsuggestionsprovidedintheBureauforAfricaEnvironmentalGuidelinesfor l0 SmallScaleActivitiesprovideausefulstartingpointonthesubject.Manyothervaluableandmoredetailed D handbooksexistonenvironmentallysounddesignandmanagementofsmallscaleprojects.MostnotableamongtheseareaseriesofCODELdocuments(availablefromVITA"seetheliteraturecitedinAnnexG.1ofthisEDMorcontactVITAathttp:\\www.vita.org)coveringsmallscaleactivitiesinsectorsthatincludeagriculture,forestry,livestock,integratedconservationanddevelopmentprojects,andwaterprojects.ThestartingpointforcollaborationmaybetodiscusspotentialinterestswithotherCSsororganizationswithinyourcountryorregion,includingtheUSAIDMission.IfanactivityisofpotentialinteresttothebroaderCScommunity,donthesitatebringingyourideastoFAMandtheFAMEnvironmentalWorkingGroup.WehavealreadyseenmanyCSstakingtheinitiativebothatthelocallevelandthroughtheEWGinWashington.Otherpossibilitiesalsoneedtobecultivated,including: \-"0   developmentoflinkagesbetweenstrategicandresultsplanning;