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'   _  XXIntroductionXD(X('2$ 4T!    CEM[oAutoList1.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 ($     ; 4T!   _   XX10  Theprocedures,publishedinfinalforminthefallof1980,arecodifiedin22CFR216(Title22,Codeof  FederalRegulations,Part216),acopyofwhichisincludedasAnnexD. d""""'dxd d Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5('2$ 4T!   ($     ('2$ 4T!   %(&'#$C<< cB,cAZ"Arial RegularHT  d1 d  EDM PVOs PVO DAP PAA IEEtimelines EAs PEAs CSs BHR BEOtimeline FFP MEO REO CFR P.L.salinizationdrawdownbiohazardousbunds TII NGOsCODELBrysonwebsite IAIA PPC ENV ENR MEOsFFPOs(9!2A$ 4T!   Ӏ  0    ;=CIOU]ekLegalI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x( T$  HP DeskJet 820C Series PrinterHPFDJC04,(,,,,,(0! DDEDU3&ASOxUU# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a),cAZ"Arial Regular-^AZ"Arial Regular,@0AZ"Arial RegularTable_A,rAZ"Arial Regular,@0AZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular(-& ("   _o[X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXo OXK XXX  O&'% XOXKBox1.1. EnvironmentallySoundDesignandManagementofFoodAidActivities"  TheCARE/BangladeshExampleOXK X%O&'       O XOXKO OInBangladesh,CAREsIntegratedFoodforDevelopment(_IFFD_)projecthasanextensivesetofenvironmental  analysisproceduresthatincludeatwo-stepenvironmentalassessmentprocess,provisionforenvironmentalmanagementplanning,andlongtermenvironmentalmonitoring.In1991,duringthedesignof_IFFD_,aprogrammaticenvironmentalassessmentrevealedthatCAREsextensivefeederroadreconstructionunderthisTitleIIFoodAidProjectcouldhavepotentialimpactsondrainage,farmproductivity,andfishproduction,inadditiontodividing_floodplain_Ԁareas.Asaresult,CARE,inassociationwithitsnationalimplementingpartner,establishedanenvironmentalanalysisprogramforits_IFFD_Ԁactivities.CAREstaffformsateamwiththeLocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartmenttoconductjointpreworksurveysandenvironmentalreviews.Initialreviewsusingdetailedchecklists,areconductedforeachroadalignmentbeingconsideredforrehabilitation.Thesereviewsrequireprojectstafftoevaluatephysical(e.g.,erosion),biological(e.g.,fishpopulations),andhumaninterest(e.g.,culturalresources)parameters.Iftheanalysesshowthataroadwillhaveasignificantadverseenvironmentalimpactinanyoneormoreofthesebroadcategories,amoredetailedenvironmentalassessmentisrequired.Thisprocessrequiresthatprojectstaffaddressthesameparametersingreaterdetailwithnarrativedescriptionsofanticipatedenvironmentalimpacts.Theprocedurealsorequiresdevelopmentofanenvironmentalmanagementplan(includingmitigationmeasures)andmonitoringofimpactsafterworkiscompleted._IFFD_senvironmentalmonitoringsystemincludestheinternalproceduresmentionedaboveandalongtermmonitoringprogramthatisexaminingenvironmentalimpactsat12representativesitesthroughouttheprojectarea.Thislongtermmonitoringsystemexaminesthreekeyparameters:capturefisheries,agriculturalland,andhumansettlements.CARE/Bangladeshhasarelatedtrainingcomponentandspecificmanualsandguidelinesthatareusedinthisenvironmentalanalysisprocess.Contact:Chris_Perine_,TechnicalAdvisor,_IFFD_.#OO #    P O n '   _   XXIntroduction C '   _  ,@0AZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular,cAZ"Arial Regular(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular  ddRRRR?Heavy ShadowdZdRRRR'dxd 4T!   _ = XD(XXX7dd7  `XXD(  ?`Section1  L  IntroductiontotheEnvironmentalDocumentationManual#`?#:`   =l _        8  @l 610   INTRODUCTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTALDOCUMENTATION  MANUAL#6 @lc# (#(# XsX6C  #;CAXK XXXs1  2.  1  3  0   OverviewA&'% XAXK @*(#(# & #&.$%%A&'#  ThisEnvironmentalDocumentationManual(EDM)hasbeendevelopedspecificallytoassistTitleIIprivateandvoluntaryorganizations(PVOs)indesigningenvironmentallysounddevelopmentactivitiesandinbringingtheiractivitiesintocompliancewith_USAID_ԀEnvironmentalProcedures.ItmayalsobeusefulforPVOscarryingoutdevelopmentactivitieswithothersourcesofsupport.Thisdocumentcontainsfivesectionsandeightannexes. -"0   Section1introducestheManualanddescribestherationaleforcompliance.Italsosummarizes z  _USAID_ԀandPVOTitleIIresponsibilities,brieflyreviewssomeoftheenvironmentalterminology,andidentifiespotentialresourcestoassistyouwithyourenvironmentalanalysisprocess.Thetermsandconcepts,someofwhichmaybeunfamiliar,arediscussedindetailinthesectionsthatfollow. (#(#  -"0   Section2,the EnvironmentalDecisionGuide, isyourfirststepinlookingathowtheAgencys   environmentalproceduresapplytoyouractivitiesanddeterminingwhatyoumustsubmitwithyourDevelopmentActivityProposal(DAP)orPreviouslyApprovedActivity(PAA).Thisguidewillalsoassistyouinrevisingoramending,asneeded,environmentaldocumentationonayearlybasistoensurethatitremainsconsistentwithyouractivities. (#(#  -"0   Section3, PreparingandSubmittingRegulation216EnvironmentalDocumentation, introduces  youtotheenvironmentaldocumentationpreparationprocessandprovidesspecificinformationonthesubmissionofthedocumentationto_USAID_Ԁtomeetcompliancerequirements,includingtheannualEnvironmentalStatusReport. (#(#  -"0   Section4, WritingtheInitialEnvironmentalExamination(IEE) ,describespreparationofthe  IEEnarrativeandassociatedanalysisandcoversprinciplesandtoolsofenvironmentalreview. (#(#  -"0   Section5, FrequentlyAskedQuestions, assemblesquestionsthathavearisenaboutDAP/PAA ` environmentalcompliance,especiallythoseposedbymembersofthePVOEnvironmentalWorkingGroupofFoodAidManagement(FAM)andaPVO/_USAID_ԀworkinggroupinEthiopia. (#(#  -"0   TheAnnexesincludeformsandsample_USAID_Ԁcompliancedocuments,otherusefulinformation X!" onthecomplianceprocess,andsomelistsofusefulreferences. (#(# PleaserefertoSection5afterreadingthefourmainsections.Itprovidessupplementaryinformationon(a)therationaleforTitleIIenvironmentalcompliance;(b)responsibilitiesandtimelines;(c)DAPandPAAenvironmentalcompliancedocumentation;(d)environmentalanalysis;(e)questionsregardingpreparationofenvironmentalassessments(EAs)orProgrammaticEnvironmentalAssessments(PEAs);and(f)designingandmanagingmoreenvironmentallysoundactivities.Thesewerecompiledfromquestionswhicharouseduringthefirst18monthsofexperiencebyCSsinapplyingtheEDMinearlierdrafts.Asquestionsarise,refertothissectionforanswers.Otherwise,contactyour_USAID_ԀMissionortheBureauforHumanitarianResponse(BHR)at_USAID_ԀortheBureauEnvironmentalOfficer(BEO),eithertheoneforBHRortheoneforyourgeographicregion(Africa,Asia/NearEast,EuropeandNewlyIndependentStates,andLatinAmerica). ,R'/ Wehopethatthestepbystepprocessoutlinedinthispackagewillmakeadopting_USAID_Ԁenvironmentalprocedureseasier.Experiencehasshownthatcomplyingwithproceduresstrengthensdevelopmentactivitiesandmakesthemmoresustainable.Thismanualmayappeardaunting,butitisintendedtomakeenvironmentalcompliancelessburdensome.ThissectionoftheManualisdesignedtohelpCooperatingSponsors(CSs)understand: -"0   whyTitleIIactivitiesaresubjectto_USAID_ԀEnvironmentalProcedures; (#(#  -"0   whatthegeneralproceduresare; (#(#  -"0   howCooperatingSponsorscanapplytheprocedures; b (#(#  -"0   whoisresponsibleforwhat;4 (#(#  -"0   thetimelineforsubmissionandapprovalofspecificdocuments;andd (#(#  -"0   opportunitiesforobtainingassistanceinachievingcompliance.6 (#(# Asyouprepareenvironmentalcompliancedocumentation,workcloselywithyour_USAID_ԀFoodforPeaceOfficer(FFP),theCountryMissionEnvironmentalOfficer(MEO),and,whenneeded,theBEOattheBHR.Youmayalsoconsultwith_USAID_sRegionalEnvironmentalOfficer(REO)(whereavailable)oryourrespectivegeographicBEO.XsX%&.$ !!  EXK XXXs1.20  _USAID_sEnvironmentalProceduresAppliedtoFoodAidPrograms#XsX XEXK# (#(# &.$%XXsLSince1977,_USAID_sEnvironmentalProcedures!    1      ׀(knownasRegulation216orReg.216)haveappliedto b allnewprojects,programs,oractivitiesauthorizedorapprovedby_USAID_Ԁandtosubstantiveamendmentsorextensionsofongoingprojects,programs,oractivities.Thepurposeoftheproceduresisto: -"0   ensurethatenvironmentalconsequencesof_USAID_Ԅfundedactivitiesareidentifiedandconsidered  inthedesignandimplementationofactivitiespriortofinaldecisionstoproceed; (#(#  -"0   assistcountriesinstrengtheningtheirenvironmentalevaluationcapabilities;N(#(#  -"0   definelimitingenvironmentalfactorsthatconstraindevelopment;and~ (#(#  -"0   identifyactivitiesthatcanassistinsustainingorrestoringthenaturalresourcebase.P(#(# KL_USAID_Ԁhasdeterminedthatmanyfoodassisteddevelopmentactivitieshavenotbeenincompliancewith_USAID_sEnvironmentalProcedures.Table1.1illustratessometypicalP.L.480interventionsthattypicallyhaveenvironmentalimpacts.  !:! %.$%%&.$ F%'%%%.$  Table1.1.TypicalP.L.480FoodAidSupportedActivitiesandTheirPotential 8 EnvironmentalImplications#%.$%%F%'""#    A"*wBCddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,rtT ,dD ,<dd +  2.../$ v H2#&.$%%%.$"#+&'%%&.$Type A./.$,!/ .../$ AActivity A./..$,!/ ./.$ APotentialAdverseEnvironmentalImpacts Q//B'/  H ./..$ Pq(QIrrigation 5//&! // 5  m  X+%+&'0 ] rehabilitationofolder   schemesornewconstruction    0 ] riverdiversions    0 ] damandpondconstruction    0 ] land_leveling_#+&'%+%# C///0"zB   // C `7 m +%+&'0  ' transmissionofwaterbornediseases "" 0  ' destructionand/orimpairmentofwetlands "" 0  ' salinizationofsoils# +<$#+ : "" 0  ' alterationinaquaticecology,includingfisheries "" 0  ' waterpollution(nonpointsourcefarmrunoff) "" 0  ' effectsondownstreamwaterflow "" 0  ' wateruseconflicts#+&'%+'# c//$N6: "" q( P /// Pq(c  m  `7+%+&'WaterSupplyand [  Sanitation#+&'%+ +#Ԁ A//$,!S //$ A0 ] +%+&'Ԁpotablewatersupply[    Ѐ0 ] latrines&# +(#+ Ԁseweragee-    0 ] watercatchments    0 ] wells&ponds#+&'%++#+%+&'# +p,#+      8///$#m //$ 80  ' groundwateraquiferdrawdownordepletion "" 0  ' waterbornediseasetransmission "" 0  ' contaminationofgroundwater# +-#+ #+&'%+B-#+%+&' W//H- "" q( P ///$ Pq(WHealthServices  Programs 5//&! // 50 ] immunizations    #+&'%+?/#+%'%%+&'#%.$%%+%'.#0 ] #&.$%%%.$w0# %&.$+ ԀAIDS/HIVtreatment :///'""  // :! `71 m !0  ' medicalandbiohazardouswastes "" 0  ' disposalofused/spentneedles Z//$E-$"" q( P /// Pq(Z, O)`7Rural )% Infrastructure A//$,!&//$ A  m  (, O)0 ] constructionand/orrehabilitationofsecondaryandtertiary(farmtomarket)roads    0 ] constructionofpublicbuildings(healthposts,schools) B///$-"q-  //$ B$ `71 m  $0  ' openingofotherwiseintactforestorprotectedπareastoexploitationand/ordestruction "" 0  ' erosionanduncontrolledrunofffromimproperπconstructionpracticesorlackofadequateπdrainage "" 0  ' impactsonlanduse,e.g.,wetlandsorfarmlands ""  M//>#q4 q( P ///$ Pq(M, O)`7Natural 5 ResourcesManagement 5//&!J7// 5  m  (, O)0 ] soilandwaterconservation,e.g.,bunds,terracing,etc.    0 ] reforestation#+&'%+0#+%+&'# +1#+ B ;   0 ] landclearing    0 ] exoticspeciesintroduction,πe.g.,nonindigenousseed#+&'%+7##&.$%%+&'7#+&'%%&.$Ԁ+%+&'# +8#+  :///'"B" ?  // :$ `71 m  $0  ' improper/incompletestructuresaddtoerosionpotential "" 0  ' inadvertentshiftsinlandusepatterns "" 0  ' destructionofnaturalorsecondaryforestforreforestationwithexoticspecies "" Єdisruptionofecosystembalancethroughcommercialproductionorharvestingoffaunaorflorādisplacementbyexoticspeciesofendemic(local)species;weediness P///$;##I q( P /// q8P, O)`7CropProtection, %J LivestockDiseaseControl A///$,!&c L///$ A  m  (, O)0 ] introductionandapplicationofpesticides    0 ] useofdipvats B////$-"&c O  ///$ B#+&'%+9#+%'%%+&'#%.$%%+%'Z9#0  ' #&.$%%%.$=# %&.$+ Ԁwaterpollution(nonpointsourcefarmrunoff)%P"" # +c>##&.$% D>#%.$%%&.$0  ' #&.$%%%.$?# %&.$+ Ԁenvironmentalcontamination#+&'%+q?#+%+&'# +?#+ %Q"" # +0@##&.$% ?#%.$%%&.$0  ' #&.$%%%.$@# %&.$+ Ԁhumancontactwithtoxicsubstances# +.A#+ #+&'%+A#+%+&'& R"" # +A##&.$% A#%.$%%&.$0  ' #&.$%%%.$ZB# %&.$+ Ԁresiduesinfoodcommodities,milkandmeat'Y!S"" # +B##&.$% εB#%.$%%&.$0  ' #&.$%%%.$C# %&.$+ Ԁpoisoningoflivestock#+&'%+C##&.$%%+&'C# %&.$+ c(+"T"" #+&'%+{D#+%'%%+&'#%.$%%+%'D#Ԁ3)'5)"U q8   ////$ 3#&.$%%%.$D# 1,%W InadditiontocompliancewithReg.216, manyCooperatingSponsors(CSs)arelookingbeyond 8 complianceand,whererelevant,incorporatingsoundenvironmentalplanningintoactivitydesigns    toensurethatTIIsupportedactivitiesnotonly donoharm,butactuallyimprovethelongterm_sustainability_Ԁofthenaturalresourcebaseuponwhichfoodsecuritydepends(seeBox1.1).ThisapproachisencouragedandisparticularlyrelevantasTitleIIhumanitarianresourcesareincreasinglybeingprogrammedinconcertwithstrategicdevelopmentobjectives,andofteninconjunctionwithdirectdollargrantresources.  )J$L<8~x N p @E x"p  x (#(#                              (#(#XsX%&.$  GXK XXXs*r! m  *1.3#XsX XGXKL#0 r GXK XXXs#G&'% XGXK^L#GXK X%G&'GeneralProcedures#XsX XGXKM# L $Z%r(#r(# #&.$%XXsJM#Nearlyall_USAID_Ԅsupportedprojects,programs,andactivitiesaresubjectto_USAID_sEnvironmental ^&& ' Proceduresandneedsomeenvironmentaldocumentation.OneexceptionisanExemptionforinternationaldisasterassistance.TheapplicabilityoftheExemptionneedstobedocumentedintheDAPorPAA.CategoricalExclusions(stipulatedintheAgencysregulations)areapplicabletotraining,nutrition,familyplanning,smallscaleresearch,etc.,andrequireonlylimiteddocumentation.Nevertheless,CategoricalExclusions(_CEs_)mustbedocumentedassuchandapprovedby_USAID_.Inallothercases,anInitialEnvironmentalExamination(IEE)isrequiredandsometimes,anEnvironmentalAssessment(EA).ThesetermsarediscussedinSection2. ,%. Ї XsX%&.$HXK XXXs1.40 r Process,Roles,andResponsibilities#XsX XHXKQ##&.$%XXsՑQ#  r(#r(# ' ,ra'CooperatingSponsors(CSs)willinitiatetheenvironmentaldocumentationprocess. $ ,,$ -"0   All_DAPs_ԀandDAPamendmentswillbeaccompaniedbyaCategoricalExclusiondocument,anIEE, f . oranEA,butmosttypicallyanIEE. ""  -"0   All_PAAs_ԀwillbeaccompaniedbyEnvironmentalStatusReports. ""  -"0   IfaCSsubmitsaDAPAmendment,ifactivitiesaremodifiedinawaythatwouldchangehowthey H  aretreatedunderReg.216(whichcouldhappenevenwithoutaDAPamendment)orifenvironmentalmitigationandmonitoringplansormeasureschange,anIEE/CategoricalExclusionamendmentshouldalsobesubmitted. "" DAPandPAAenvironmentaldocumentationispreparedinconnectionwiththeofficialsubmissioncycleandaccompaniestheDAP/PAAproposal.StepsonhowtoprepareReg.216documentation,includingannualEnvironmentalStatusReports,areinSection3.AdviceonpreparinganIEEisprovidedinSection4.CSsshouldworkwithMissionEnvironmentalandFoodforPeaceOfficerstoensurethatthedocumentationisadequate,andthatappropriatemitigationandmonitoringmeasuresareincorporatedintoactivities.CSsareaskedtodoasmuchofthebackgroundworkaspossibletocomplywithReg.216.Ideally,theCSsubmitsenvironmentaldocumentationthattheSponsoritselfhasprepared.Thisisconsistentwith_USAID_'sintentunderre-engineeringtopromoteflexibilityandtransfermoreresponsibilitytoitscollaborators.TheCSsknowtheiractivitiesandlocalenvironmentbetterthananyoneelseandarebestsuitedtodetermineappropriatemitigationandmonitoringmeasures.CSsand/orMissionsareencouragedtosubmitadraftoftheirdocumentationforinformalreviewtotheMissionEnvironmentalOfficer,aRegionalEnvironmentalOfficer(whereavailable),theBHRBEOorthegeographicBEOtoobtainfeedbackpriortoformalsubmission.Toavoidpossibleconfusionintheclearanceprocessall draftscirculatedforcommentand/orinformationshouldbeclearlydatedandmarked   DRAFTNotYetApprovedbyMission.ThisdraftsubmissionprocesswilllikelybefacilitatedifthedraftissubmittedbytheMEOorMissionFFPOfficeronbehalfoftheCSforreviewbyoneofthe_BEOs_ortheREO(whereoneexists).Inallcases,theDAPIEE/CategoricalExclusion,PAAEnvironmentalStatusReport,orDAP/PAAIEEamendmentmustfirstbeclearedbytheMissionDirectororhis/herdesignee prior tofinalapprovalby_USAID_/Washington. #$ XsX%&.$ MXK XXXs1.50  ResourcestoSupportEnvironmentalAnalysisandCapacityBuilding M&'% XMXKx%@&"" #&.$%%M&'<^#ThisdocumenthasbeendevelopedbyBHR/FFP,throughtheassistanceoftheAfricaBureau.Also,amuchshorterfieldversionoftheEDM,AFieldGuideto_USAID_ԀEnvironmentalComplianceProcedures (!) (March1998)hasbeenproducedby_CRS_ԀandFAM.BothhavebeendistributedtoPVOheadquarters,fieldstaff,and_USAID_ԀMissions.Inadditiontothesedocuments(whicharereferencedintheannualP.L.480 )n#+ TitleIIGuidelinesforProgramProposalsdisseminatedbyBHR/FFP),CSsshouldconsulttheMission x*@$, andBureauEnvironmentalOfficers,andtheRegionalEnvironmentalOfficer(ifoneexists). ,%. Considerableinterestexistswithin_USAID_ԀandtheTitleIIPVOcommunitytoensureenvironmentallysounddesignandmanagementofdevelopmentactivities.Resourcesareavailablewithinhostcountryuniversities,amonghostgovernmentenvironmental/naturalresourceplanningandmanagementunits,andthroughincountryprivateconsultants.ItmayalsobepossibletocapitalizeonavailabletrainingcoursesintechnicallyspecificareasofvaluetoNGOs/PVOsandothers._USAID_sAfricaBureauhaspreparedThesummaryinformationandsuggestionsprovidedinthe  H EnvironmentalGuidelinesforSmallScaleActivitiesinAfricawhichprovidessummaryinformationand R  suggestions.whichprovides. $  Therearemanyotherhandbooksonenvironmentallysounddesignandmanagementofsmallscaleprojects,suchastheCODELseries(availablefromVITA)coveringsmallscaleactivitiesinagriculture,forestry,livestock,integratedconservationanddevelopmentprojects,andwaterprojects(seeReferencesintheAfricaBureausEnvironmentalGuidelinesforacompletelisting).ProjectFoodAid,UsersGuide >  fortheDesignofFoodAidedDevelopmentProjectsbyBryson,etal.(1991)providesguidanceonthe   adoptionofsoundfoodaidmanagementpracticesinallsectors(seeespeciallyPartIII,Section9onnaturalresourcesmanagement).SeeAnnexGforacomprehensivelistingofreferencedocuments;mostofthecitationsincludeinformationonhowtoobtainthedocuments.YoumaywishtocontactFAMsFoodSecurityResourceCenterdirectlyformoreinformationontheenvironmentaldocumentstheCenterhasonfile(SeeAnnexG.2)andthosewhichareavailableelectronically(includingsampleReg.216environmentaldocumentationsubmittedbyotherCSs).Theirwebsiteis http://www.foodaid.org. The  InternationalAssociationforImpactAssessment(IAIA)websiteisavaluablestartingpointforexploringenvironmentalassessmentresourcesontheInternetat http://iaia.ext.nodak.edu/IAIA . h Youmayalsofind_USAID_sInternetsiteindexusefulfortrackingdownresourcesavailablethrough_USAID_"theaddressis http://www/info.usaid.gov/site_index.html .Finally,therearepertinentresources  anddocumentsavailablethrough_USAID_sBureauforAfrica,DivisionforProductiveSectorGrowthandtheEnvironmentat http://www.info.usaid.gov/regions/afr/sdpsge/psgehome.html .AlsoseetheBHR  website http://www.info.usaid.gov/hum_response/titleii.htm . T _USAID_,PVOsandFAMhavegeneratedandreceivednumerousideasforhowbesttoprovideadditionalresourcesandcapacitytosupportenvironmentalanalysis.SomeoftheseideasarediscussedinSection5.Wewelcomeyouradditionalsuggestionsandthoughts.XsX%&.$ % , NXK XXXs1.60  ResourceAgencies x @ "" #XsX XNXKSo#&.$%XXsAseparateninserttotheEDMprovidesadetailedcontactlist(includingnames,addresses,phone,faxandemail).ContactupdatesarealsoavailablefromTheFoodAidManagementResourceCenterInternetaddresslistedabove.iH